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For A'level purposes, all the bases we are concerned with are primary amines - compounds in which one of the hydrogens in an ammonia molecule, NH3, is replaced either by an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Methylamine is typical of aliphatic primary amines - where the -NH2 group is attached to a carbon chain.
Before you read each section on this page, you should follow the link to the corresponding page about aliphatic amines (those not based on benzene rings). In most cases, the Mechanisms for acid anhydrides aren't required by any UK A level (or equivalent) syllabus, so aren't covered anywhere on the site. Take your time
SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC AMINES (Aliphatic means the groups attached to nitrogen are alkyl or cycloalkyl, but not aromatic as in the case of aniline). q Since amines are fairly basic functional groups, it stands to reason that they are also fairly nucleophilic. q Since amines are far more basic than any oxygenated functional
New A-level 2015 The revision guides are split into physical, inorganic and organic chemistry. There are no modules. The AS only topics are labelled AS. Physical Chemistry 1-1-revision-guide-atom (AS)(updated August 2016) 1-2-revision-guide-calculations(AS) (updated February 2017) 1.3 revision guide bonding (AS)
You could also think of this as a description of how primary, secondary and tertiary amines act as nucleophiles in a sequence of reactions with a halogenoalkane. Only primary halogenoalkanes are considered on this page. Only one current A' level syllabus (AQA) is likely to ask about these reactions, and that only asks
The reaction of amines with nitrous acid (nitric(III) acid) . . . The use of nitrous acid in testing for amines. Information about phenylamine (aniline) . . . The preparation and physical and chemical properties of the aromatic amine, phenylamine (aniline). This section also includes the preparation and properties of diazonium salts
Background on the amines, including their physical properties. Aromatic amines such as phenylamine (aniline) are sufficiently different that they are covered in a separate section. Follow The commonest name at this level is methylamine and, similarly, the second compound drawn above is usually called ethylamine.
The basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia; aromatic amines are substantially weaker. Organic ammonium salts. Amines react by the usual 'base reactions' producing organic ammonium salts; A proton, H+, is added to the amino nitrogen atom. Preparation of amines.
Past papers, summary notes and past exam questions by topic for AQA Chemistry A-Level Unit 4 (CHEM4)
MAKING AMINES. This page looks at the preparation of amines from halogenoalkanes (also known as haloalkanes or alkyl halides) and from nitriles. It only deals with amines where the functional group is not attached directly to a benzene ring. Aromatic amines such as phenylamine (aniline) are usually made differently
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